Which Hawaiian King is known for his efforts in modernizing the Kingdom of Hawaii?

The correct response is Kalakaua, who was pivotal in modernizing the Kingdom of Hawaii during his reign from 1874 to 1891. He is often referred to as the "Merrie Monarch" due to his efforts to promote Hawaiian culture and arts, as well as for his initiatives to modernize the Hawaiian economy and infrastructure. Kalakaua oversaw the construction of important public works, including the expansion of the railroads and the establishment of a modern postal service. He also championed the revival of Hawaiian culture, including hula and traditional music, which had previously been suppressed.

His reign is marked by significant engagement with foreign nations and the establishment of a new constitution in 1887, which expanded the powers of the monarchy while also facing challenges from outside influences, particularly from the United States and vested interests within Hawaii.

The other individuals listed played important roles in Hawaiian history but did not focus specifically on modernization to the same extent as Kalakaua. Kamehameha I is known for unifying the Hawaiian Islands and establishing a monarchy, while Kamehameha IV’s efforts were more centered around issues of health and education. Lunalilo, although he was the first elected king, had a relatively short reign and did not